Journal: Neurourology and Urodynamics

Article Title: Differentiation and interaction of tibial versus spinal nerve stimulation for micturition control in the rat

doi: 10.1002/nau.22506

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of tibial nerve (A, B) and spinal nerve stimulation (C, D: 10 Hz, pulse width 0.1 msec) on the frequency of the bladder rhythmic contraction. A, C: Time course response of frequency of the bladder rhythmic contraction to bilateral tibial nerve (A) and spinal nerve (C) stimulation at motor threshold (T mot ) and threefold of T mot (3 times T mot ). Shaded areas are responses during electrical stimulation. +, P < 0.05, versus control without stimulation; repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test. B, D: Intensity dependent effects of unilateral (uni) and bilateral (bi) tibial nerve (B) and spinal nerve (D) stimulations on frequency of bladder contractions during electrical stimulation. X -axis denoted increasing current intensity relative to multiples of motor threshold (T mot ) stimulation. The mean contraction frequency during stimulation is expressed as a percentage of the control response prior to stimulation (% control). *, P < 0.05, versus values without stimulation, unpaired Student's t -test; #, P < 0.05, first 5-min stimulation versus second and third 5-min stimulation, *, P < 0.05, unilateral versus bilateral, unpaired Student's t -test. The number of animals is indicated in each symbol.

Article Snippet: Time course for the BRC response to stimulation was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (Prism 5, GraphPadSoftware, Inc., San Diego, CA).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: The Constitutive Lack of α7 Nicotinic Receptor Leads to Metabolic Disorders in Mouse

doi: 10.3390/biom10071057

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glucose metabolism is impaired in α7 −/− mice fed a standard chow diet. All experiments in this figure were carried out in 10- and 25-week-old male WT control and α7 −/− mice. Glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted mice with intraperitoneal injection of glucose (IPGTT) at 1.5 g/kg of body weight ( a , b ). Blood samples were taken at the time indicated from the tail vein of the same animals, and the area under the corresponding curve of blood glucose levels was calculated during 120min ( c , d ). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during IPGTT was analyzed at 0, 15, 60 and 120 min ( e , f ), and the area under the corresponding curve plasma insulin levels was calculated during 120min ( g , h ). Blood insulin levels under fed ( i ) and fasted ( j ) conditions in 25-week-old α7 −/− and WT control mice. Each dot represents a mouse (grey dots for WT mice and green squares for α7 −/− mice). All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Symbols *, **, *** and **** indicate a significant difference compared to control WT using Two-Way RM ANOVA ( a , b , e , f ; n = 6–7/group, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001) and unpaired Mann–whitney two-tailed test ( c , d , g – j ; n = 4–7/group, * p < 0.05). AUC, area under curve.

Article Snippet: Statistical significance was determined between two groups by using the non-parametric two-tailed Mann–Whitney test, parametric two-tailed Multiple t tests and Two-Way Repeated Measures (RM) ANOVA from GraphPad Prism version 8.0 software (San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Control, Injection, Clinical Proteomics, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test